Driver Evaluation Resources
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A. H. Van Zomeren, et al., Acquired brain damage and driving
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Analyzes driving into Strategic, Tactical and Operational levels.
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Antrim, JM and Engum, ES
The driving dilemma and the law
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"Don't ask, don't tell" can equal negligence in brain injury rehabilitation. The best legal self-defense is the use of competent evaluation protocols for driving.
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Beatson, C. & Gianutsos, R. (2000) Personal transportation: the vital link to independence.Ch. 43 In M. Grabois, S.J. Garrison, K.A. Hart, & L.D. Lehmkuhl (Eds.) Physical medicine and rehabilitation: The complete approach. Blackwell Science, Inc, pp. 777-802..
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Occupational therapist, Beatson, addresses the challenges of a broad range of physical disabilities for driving safety. Neuropsychologist Gianutsos addresses the role of cognitive impairment.
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Bedway, B.
How to Help your Patients who Drive
(Medical Economics)
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This article was written for physicians.
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Gianutsos, R.
Memo of Understanding
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An example consent form for pre-driving advisement. It must be adapted according to state and local policy.
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Gianutsos, R.
What Happens to Your New York State Drivers License ....
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This statement was reviewed by the NY State Department of Motor Vehicles for accuracy (over 10 years ago). It may be used as a model for other states.
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Gianutsos, R. (1997) Driving and visual information processing in cognitively at risk and older individuals. In M. Gentile, Functional visual behavior: A therapist’s guide to evaluation and treatment options, American Occupational Therapy Assn., Ch. 10, 321-342.
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An important emphasis in this chapter is the way disabilities combine to multiply risk. Many problems which are manageable in isolation - e.g., loss of binocularity, constriction of the visual field - are dangerous in combination.
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Gianutsos, R. A word to survivors of brain injury who would resume driving and their families. NYS Head Injury Assoc. Newsletter, 9 (1), Spring/Summer 1989.
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Therapists have found this article useful early in the driving advisement process to urge families and would-be drivers to have a professional evaluation.
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Gianutsos, R. Driving advisement with the Elemental Driving Simulator (EDS): When less suffices. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 1994, 26(2), 183-186.
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The article which introduced the EDS as a practical simulation of the cognitive elements of driving. Included are some data on older drivers and a case example.
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Gianutsos, R., Beattie, A. Elemental Driving Simulator, In Proceedings of The Johns Hopkins National Search for Computing Applications to Assist Persons with Disabilities. Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE Computer Society Press, 1992, 117-120.
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Gianutsos, R., Campbell, A., Beattie, A, & Mandriota, F.J. The Driving Advisement System: A computer-augmented quasi-simulation of the cognitive prerequisites for resumption of driving after brain injury. Assistive Technology, 1992, 4(2), 70-86.
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This article introduced the Driving Advisement System, the precursor to the EDS, and now used mostly to address pedal control and reaction time. The article includes a review of the state of driving advisement in the early 90's and principles of driving advisement.
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Gianutsos, R., DeLibero, V. (1999) Reported driving, self-appraisal and simulator performance in younger and older drivers. Proceedings of TRB 16th National Conference on Accessible Transportation & Mobility - Access & Mobility in the 21st Century, Phoenix, AZ, March 1-3, 1999.
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Self-reported driving correlated highly (.69) with EDS performance; while self-appraisal of driving ability did not. Older drivers report self-restriction consonant with their abilities, as measured by the EDS. They continue, however, to feel that they are as capable as other drivers.
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Groeger, JA. (2000) Understanding driving: Applying cognitive psychology to a complex everyday task. East Sussex: Psychology Press, LTD.(http://www.psypress.co.uk)
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This book is a comprehensive analysis and application of basic cognitive and visual science to driving.
Discounted at www.walmart.com
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Strano, Carmella
Effects of visual deficits on ability to drive in trauma, brain-injury population.
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A model for OT: careful analysis of driving integrated with a comprehensive understanding of how brain injury can affect vision.
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_ AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety: How to Help an Older Driver and other free printed materials.
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http://www.aaafoundation.org/products/index.cfm?button=free
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_ Costs of operating a car in the United States - An analysis by AAA shows that the true cost of driving is much greater than we think.
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http://www.ouraaa.com/news/library/drivingcost/
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_ Insurance Institute for Highway Safety - crashworthiness ratings
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http://www.highwaysafety.org/vehicle_ratings/
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_AARP 55 Alive Program - frequently asked questions.
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http://www.aarp.org/55alive/faq.html
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_ADED: Association for Driver Rehabilitation Specialists. Formerly known as the Association for Driver Educators of the Disabled. Check out the fact sheets and links.
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http://www.driver-ed.org
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_Drivers.com: An extensive collection of information resources about drivers and driving. The primary emphasis is on driver education.
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http://www.drivers.com/
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